The machine tool used in five axis horizontal machining center is usually called five axis machine tool or five axis machining center. Five axis machining is commonly used in machining fields, such as body parts, turbine parts and impellers with free-form surfaces. When describing the motion of CNC machine tool, the right-hand rectangular coordinate system is adopted; The coordinate axis parallel to the spindle is defined as Z axis, and the rotation coordinates around x, y and Z axes are a, B and C respectively. Generally, five axis linkage refers to the linear interpolation movement of any five coordinates in X, y, Z, a, B and C.

五軸臥式加工中 心的回轉(zhuǎn)軸結(jié)構(gòu)有兩種方式：

There are two kinds of rotary shaft structure in five axis horizontal machining center

一種是通過(guò)主軸頭的回轉(zhuǎn)實(shí)現(xiàn)五軸聯(lián)動(dòng)。主軸前端是一個(gè)回轉(zhuǎn)頭，能自行環(huán)繞Z軸360度，即C軸?；剞D(zhuǎn)頭上還帶可環(huán)繞X軸旋轉(zhuǎn)的A軸，一般可達(dá)90度以上，實(shí)現(xiàn)上述同樣的功能。

One is to realize five axis linkage through the rotation of main shaft head. The front end of the spindle is a rotary head, which can rotate 360 degrees around the Z axis, that is, the c axis. The rotary head is also equipped with a-axis which can rotate around the x-axis, generally up to more than 90 degrees, realizing the same function as above.

這種設(shè)置方式的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是主軸加工非常靈活，工作臺(tái)也可以設(shè)計(jì)的非常大、船舶等領(lǐng)域的大型零部件都適合在這類加工中 心上加工。

The advantage of this setting method is that the spindle processing is very flexible, and the worktable can be designed to be very large. Large parts in ship and other fields are suitable for processing in this kind of machining center.

這種結(jié)構(gòu)的加工中 心在高精度模具曲面加工領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用非常多，這是工作臺(tái)回轉(zhuǎn)式五軸加工中 心難以做到的。

The machining center with this structure has many applications in the field of high-precision mold surface machining, which is difficult to be achieved by the five axis rotary machining center.

另一種是通過(guò)工作臺(tái)回轉(zhuǎn)實(shí)現(xiàn)五軸聯(lián)動(dòng)。機(jī)床床身上的工作臺(tái)可以環(huán)繞X軸回轉(zhuǎn)（A軸），A軸一般工作范圍+30度-120度。工作臺(tái)的中間還設(shè)有一個(gè)回轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)，可以環(huán)繞Z軸回轉(zhuǎn)（C軸），C軸都是360度回轉(zhuǎn)。

The other is to realize five axis linkage through the table rotation. The worktable on the machine bed can rotate around the x-axis (a-axis). The general working range of a-axis is + 30 degrees to - 120 degrees. There is also a rotary table in the middle of the worktable, which can rotate around the z-axis (c-axis), and the c-axis rotates 360 degrees.

這樣通過(guò)A軸與C軸的組合，固定在工作臺(tái)上的工件除了底面之外，其余的五個(gè)面都可以由立式主軸進(jìn)行加工。A軸和C軸如與XYZ三直線軸實(shí)現(xiàn)聯(lián)動(dòng)，就可加工出復(fù)雜的空間曲面。

In this way, through the combination of a-axis and c-axis, the other five surfaces of the workpiece fixed on the worktable can be processed by the vertical spindle except the bottom surface. If a axis and C axis are linked with XYZ three linear axis, complex space surface can be machined.

這種結(jié)構(gòu)的加工中 心主軸的結(jié)構(gòu)比較簡(jiǎn)單、主軸剛性非常好、制造成本比較低，但一般工作臺(tái)不能太大、承重也較小。

This kind of structure of machining center spindle structure is relatively simple, spindle rigidity is very good, manufacturing cost is relatively low, but the general table can not be too large, bearing is also small.