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木工加工失效及處理方法！

來源：http://editscore.net 時(shí)間：2019-05-16

　　木工加工的主要失效方式及處理辦法

　　Main failure modes and treatment methods of woodworking processing centers

　　在切削過程中，刀具磨損到應(yīng)該的限度，切削刃崩刃或破損，切削刃卷刃（塑性變形）時(shí)，刀具喪失其切削才能或無法保證加工質(zhì)量，稱為刀具失效。刀具破損的主要方式及產(chǎn)生的緣由和對(duì)策如下：

　　In the process of cutting, when the tool wears to the proper limit, the cutting edge breaks or breaks, and the cutting edge is rolled (plastic deformation), the tool loses its cutting ability or can not guarantee the quality of cutting, which is called tool failure. The main ways, causes and Countermeasures of tool breakage are as follows:

　　1、后刀面磨損

　　1. Flank wear

　　由機(jī)械應(yīng)力惹起的呈現(xiàn)在后刀面上的摩擦磨損。

　　Friction and wear on the back face caused by mechanical stress.

　　產(chǎn)生的緣由：由于刀具資料過軟，刀具的后角偏小，加工過程中切削速度太高、進(jìn)給量太小，形成后刀面磨損過量，使得加工外表尺寸精度降低，增大摩擦力。

　　Reasons: Because the tool data is too soft, the back angle of the tool is too small, the cutting speed is too high and the feed is too small in the process of machining, resulting in excessive wear of the flank, which reduces the dimensional accuracy of the machined surface and increases the friction force.

　　處理方法：應(yīng)選擇耐磨性高的刀具資料，同時(shí)降低切削速度，進(jìn)步進(jìn)給量，增大刀具后角。

　　Processing method: Tool data with high wear resistance should be selected, cutting speed should be reduced, feed rate should be improved and tool back angle should be increased.

　　2、主切削刃的邊境磨損

　　2. Border Wear of Main Cutting Edge

　　主切削刃上的邊境磨損常見于與工件的接觸面處。

　　Border wear on the main cutting edge is common at the contact surface with the workpiece.

　　產(chǎn)生的緣由：工件外表硬化、鋸齒狀切屑形成的摩擦，影響切屑的流向并招致崩刀。

　　Reasons: Hardening of the workpiece surface and friction caused by serrated chips affect the flow direction of chips and cause tool collapse.

　　處理方法：降低切削速度和進(jìn)給速度，同時(shí)選擇耐磨刀具資料并增大前角使切削刃尖利。

　　Processing method: Reduce cutting speed and feed speed, select wear-resistant tool data and increase rake angle to make cutting edge sharp.

　　3、前刀面磨損（月牙洼磨損）

　　3. Wear of rake face (crescent depression wear)

　　在前刀面上由摩擦和擴(kuò)散招致的磨損。前刀面磨損會(huì)使刀具產(chǎn)生變形、干擾排屑、降低切削刃強(qiáng)度。

　　Wear on the rake face caused by friction and diffusion. The wear of rake face will cause tool deformation, interference chip removal and reduce cutting edge strength.

　　產(chǎn)生的緣由：切屑與工件資料的接觸以及對(duì)發(fā)熱區(qū)域的擴(kuò)散惹起。另外刀具資料過軟，加工過程中切削速度太高、進(jìn)給量太大，也是前刀面磨損產(chǎn)生的緣由。

　　Reasons for this: the contact between chips and workpiece data and the diffusion of heating area. In addition, too soft tool data, too high cutting speed and too much feed in the process of machining are also the causes of rake face wear.

　　處理方法：降低切削速度和進(jìn)給速度，同時(shí)選擇涂層硬質(zhì)合金資料刀具。

　　Processing method: Reduce cutting speed and feed speed, and select coated carbide tool.

　　4、塑性變形

　　4. Plastic Deformation

　　切削刃在高溫或高應(yīng)力作用下產(chǎn)生的變形。它將影響切屑的構(gòu)成質(zhì)量，有時(shí)也會(huì)招致崩刀。

　　Deformation of cutting edge under high temperature or high stress. It will affect the quality of chip composition and sometimes cause tool collapse.

　　產(chǎn)生的緣由：切削速度、進(jìn)給速度太高以及工件資料中的硬質(zhì)點(diǎn)的作用，刀具資料太軟和切削刃溫度很高等現(xiàn)象惹起。

　　Reasons: too high cutting speed, too high feed speed and the role of hard particles in workpiece data, too soft tool data and high cutting edge temperature are the causes.

　　處理方法：降低切削速度和進(jìn)給速度，選擇耐磨性高和導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)大的刀具資料。

　　Processing method: Reduce cutting speed and feed speed, select tool data with high wear resistance and thermal conductivity.